Deformation and failure analysis of pinch-torsion based thermal runaway risk evaluation method of Li-ion cells

A new pinch-torsion test is developed for safety of Li-ion batteries that shows the stable capability of making small internal short-circuit spots effectively. The further deformation and failure analysis is conducted by finite element analysis and experiments. Two different loading conditions, pure pinch and pinch-torsion, are evaluated and compared which demonstrates that the addition of the torsion component significantly increased the maximum principal strain, and thus the internal short circuit induction. In addition, the vertical load in the pinch-torsion test is significantly less than it in the pinch test to generate the failure inside the battery, thus dramatically improving the applicability of the pinch test. Finally, an analytical stick-slip model rationalizes deformation mechanisms and the conclusion is made that the additional torsion only facilitates the failure of separator at the early stage which is typically a few degrees of rotation. The systematic investigation of the Li-ion cell deformation and failure provides insight for the optimization of the future battery safety experiment design

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Cross sections for vibrational inhibition at low collision energies for the reaction H + Li

A time-dependent wave packet dynamics study of the H + Li2 reaction has been performed on the novel HLi2(X2A′) potential energy surface [Y.Z. Song, Y.Q. Li, S.B. Gao, Q.T. Meng, Eur. Phys. J. D 68, 1 (2014)]. The v-dependent reaction probabilities and integral cross sections are presented as a function of collision energies. From the v-dependent behaviour of integral cross sections, it can be seen that the vibrational excitation of the reactant Li2 hinders the reactivity at low collision energies. Furthermore, the comparison of j-dependent reaction probabilities indicates that Li2 rotation also hinders the reaction

Diagnostic and prognostic value of the optic nerve sheath diameter with respect to the intracranial pressure and neurological outcome of patients following hemicraniectomy

Abstract Background In cases showing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) redistribution as a compensatory mechanism in acute intracranial hypertension, the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) can be used to estimate intracranial pressure (ICP). However, it remains unclear whether the ONSD can be applied in patients with skull defects after a craniectomy, because the primary injury or surgical craniectomy may alter the dynamics of the CSF circulation or structure of the optical nerve sheath. This study explored the value of the ONSD in patients after a hemicraniectomy. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled patients after a hemicraniectomy. All patients underwent invasive ICP monitoring and ocular ultrasound within 6 h postoperatively. We followed the patients for 6 months and evaluated them using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), classifying the outcome as favorable (GOS 4–5) or unfavorable (GOS 1–3). We evaluated the ONSD in both according to the ICP and neurological outcome. Results Of the 33 enrolled patients, 20 (60.6%) had an unfavorable outcome at 6 months. Disagreement was seen in the ONSD measurements between the eyes [craniectomy side (ONSDips) and opposite side (ONSDcon)]. The intraclass correlation coefficient between ONSDips and ONSDcon was 0.745 (p  5.5 mm predicted a poor outcome, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.717 (95% confidence interval, 0.534–0.860, p = 0.02), 70% sensitivity, and 69.2% specificity. Conclusions After hemicraniectomy, the ONSD measured on ultrasound was unreliable for evaluating ICP, but showed potential prognostic value for a poor neurological outcome

Theoretical insight into the effect of collision energy on the S(

In this work, the dynamics of reaction S(3P) + SH(X2∏) → S2(X3∑g−) + H(2S) has been investigated using quasi-classical trajectories method on a newly constructed accurate double many-body expansion potential energy surface of Song et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 5274 (2011)]. The integral cross section and the rate constant are obtained. Furthermore, the distribution reflecting vector correlation and the polarization-dependent differential cross section are investigated. The results show a decreasing behavior of the integral cross section as the increasing of the collision energy, and dominate complex forming mechanism at lower energies, as well as the stripping mechanism at higher energies. Those results indicate that the product S2 is sensitively affected by the collision energy

Quantum dynamics calculations for O

The quantum dynamics calculations of O+ + H2 (vi = 0, ji = 0) → OH+ + H reaction have been performed using a Chebyshev wave packet method on a new potential energy surface constructed by Song et al. [Y.Z. Song et al., Chin. Phys. B 24, 063101 (2015)]. The reaction probabilities of partial wave J = 0–80 are calculated explicitly with the centrifugal sudden (CS) and Coriolis coupling (CC) calculations. The comparison between the CC and the corresponding CS results indicates that neglecting the Coriolis coupling will lead to the underestimation of the reaction probability. The comparison of theoretical integral cross sections (ICS) with the experimental results in the collision energy range of 0.0–1.0 eV indicates that the calculated values in this work agree well with the experimental data and other theoretical results, showing the reasonability of PES and dynamic calculations. The obtained ICSs are used to calculate the rate constants in the temperature range of 0–2000 K, and the results at room temperature reasonably agree with the experimental data